oracle数据库是重量级的，其管理非常复杂，将其在linux平台上的启动和关闭步骤整理一下。
安装完毕oracle以后，需要创建oracle系统用户，并在/home/oracle下面的.bash_profile添加几个环境变量：ORACLE_SID,ORACLE_BASE,ORACLE_HOME。比如：
export ORACLE_SID=test export ORACLE_BASE=oracle_install_dir export ORACLE_HOME=xxx
启动步骤：注意$代表shell命令提示符，这里的oracle是9.0以上版本。
- $ su – oracle
- $ sqlplus / nolog
- sql> conn / as sysdba
- sql> startup (一般不需要加参数，只要设置好环境变量）
- sql> quit (退出sql模式)
- $ lsnrctl start (启动监听器）关闭oracle
- $ lsnrctl stop(关闭监听器，在这之前，应该先关闭应用程序）
- $ sqlplus /nolog
- sql>shutdown 其参数 ：shutdown有四个参数，四个参数的含义如下：
Normal 需要等待所有的用户断开连接
Immediate 等待用户完成当前的语句
Transactional 等待用户完成当前的事务
Abort 不做任何等待，直接关闭数据库
normal需要在所有连接用户断开后才执行关闭数据库任务，所以有的时候看起来好象命令没有运行一样！在执行这个命令后不允许新的连接
immediate在用户执行完正在执行的语句后就断开用户连接，并不允许新用户连接。
transactional 在拥护执行完当前事物后断开连接，并不允许新的用户连接数据库。
abort 执行强行断开连接并直接关闭数据库。
前三种方式不回丢失用户数据。第四种在不的已的情况下，不建议采用！
经常遇到的问题：
1）权限问题，解决方法，切换到oracle用户；
2）没有关闭监听器 ，解决方法：关闭监听器
3）有oracle实例没有关闭，解决办法：关闭oracle实例
4）环境变量设置不全，解决办法：修改环境变量
Oracle数据库的启动和关闭方式
一、几种启动方式：
1、startup nomount
非安装启动，这种方式启动下可执行：重建控制文件、重建数据库
启动instance，即启动SGA和后台进程，这种启动只需要init.ora文件。
2、startup mount dbname
安装启动，这种方式启动下可执行：数据库日志归档、数据库恢复、重新命名一些数据库文件
如：系统表空间或日志文件。
执行“nomount”，然后打开控制文件
3、startup open dbname
先执行“nomount”，然后执行“mount”，再打开包括Redo log文件在内的所有数据库文件，
这种方式下可访问数据库中的数据。
4、startup，等于以下三个命令
startup nomount
alter database mount
alter database open
5、startup restrict
约束方式启动
这种方式能够启动数据库，但只允许具有一定特权的用户访问
非特权用户访问时，会出现以下提示：
ERROR：
ORA-01035: ORACLE 只允许具有 RESTRICTED SESSION 权限的用户使用
6、startup force
强制启动方式
当不能关闭数据库时，可以用startup force来完成数据库的关闭
先关闭数据库，再执行正常启动数据库命令
7、startup pfile=参数文件名
带初始化参数文件的启动方式
先读取参数文件，再按参数文件中的设置启动数据库
例：startup pfile=E:\Oracle\admin\oradb\pfile\init.ora
8、startup EXCLUSIVE
二、几种关闭方式：
| 1、shutdown normal 正常方式关闭数据库。 2、shutdown immediate 立即方式关闭数据库。 在SVRMGRL中执行shutdown immediate，数据库并不立即关闭， 而是在Oracle执行某些清除工作后才关闭（终止会话、释放会话资源）， 当使用shutdown不能关闭数据库时，shutdown immediate可以完成数据库关闭的操作。 3、shutdown abort 直接关闭数据库，正在访问数据库的会话会被突然终止， 如果数据库中有大量操作正在执行，这时执行shutdown abort后，重新启动数据库需要很长时间。 |
Trackback: http://tb.blog.csdn.net/TrackBack.aspx?PostId=13483
一、启动
语法：startup [force] [pfile=文件名] [exclusive|shared] [mount 数据库名|normal 数据库名] [nomount]
1、正常启动：
sql>conn sys/sys as sysdba;
sql>startup
也可在启动时指定数据库名
sql>startup ora9
2、安装和非安装启动
安装启动的选项是mount，表示例程只将数据库装入，而不打开数据库;非安装启动的选项是nomount，表示只建立数据库现场，并不装入数据库，当然也不能打开。
sql>startup mount –安装启动
sql>startup nomount–非安装启动
3、独占和共享启动
独占启动的选项是exclusive，表示只允许一个例程使用该数据库；共享启动的参数是shared，表示允许多个例程并行使用该数据库，即将数据库装入多个现场。
4、约束启动
约束启动的选项是restrict，它启动数据库时装入并打开它，但是此时的数据库只能为有特殊权限的数据库管理员使用，一般用户不能联入到该数据库。
sql>startup restrict
一般说来，当用户有create session权限时，可以联入数据库，但对于restrict方式启动的数据库，则只有用户具有restricted session系统权限才允许联入。
若要在数据库运行过程中改变这一方式，可用alter system命令。
sql>alter system disable restricted session;
也可以先将数据库关闭再重新以非restrict方式启动数据库。
5、强制启动
若在正常启动数据库时遇到一些麻烦，或在上次关闭数据库时不能正常关闭，则可以采取强制启动，其选项是force。
联入sys用户
sql>startup force
6、带初始化参数文件的启动
初始化参数文件在数据库启动时由系统读取，设置一些全局参数，它并不影响数据库的运行方式。
sql>startup pfile=d:\oracle\admin\site\pfile\init.ora
技巧：用alter database可以进行一些启动模式转换，但是转换的类型十分有限，比如从mount模式下将数据库打开，则可用以下命令：
sql>alter database open;
还可以从mount状态转为mount状态，如下所示：
sql>alter database mount;
二、关闭
1、正常关闭
正常关闭数据库所用的选项是normal，数据库在关闭前将检查所有的连接，并且发出命令后不允许再有新的用户连接，在等待所有连接都断开后再关闭数据库，再次启动数据库不需要任何恢复过程。
联入sys用户
sql>shutdown normal;
2、紧急关闭
该方式用在某些紧急的情况下，比如通知马上停电，此时需要紧急关闭数据库以应付这些情况。这种方式用的选项是immediate，在这种方式下并不等待所有的用户断开连接再关闭，而是由系统断开连接，然后关闭数据库。
sql>shutdown immediate;
一旦执行了这条命令，则将当前正在处理的sql语句马上停止，然后将所有未提交的事务回退，并且不等待当前联入数据库的用户断开连接，而是由系统强行将各个联接断开。在下次启动数据库时要执行恢复动作，不过是由系统自动执行的，用户不必去了解它。
3、异常关闭
异常关闭选项是abort，此种方式下系统并不做任何检查和断开用户操作以及回退操作，而是直接将数据库现场撤销，这样现场中的数据库数据当然就无效了，数据库自然也就被关掉了。
sql>shutdown abort;
以abort方式关闭数据库时只有一行关闭信息表示关闭了数据库现场。以abort方式关闭的数据库再次启动时必须要进行恢复动作，这些恢复操作同样是系统自动来完成的，需要的时间较长。
Trackback: http://tb.blog.csdn.net/TrackBack.aspx?PostId=85205
1、启动数据库：
oracle@suse92:~> sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 – Production on Fri Jan 20 02:29:37 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> connect /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 135352820 bytes
Fixed Size 455156 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 679936 bytes
Database mounted.
2、关闭数据库：
oracle@suse92:~> sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 – Production on Fri Jan 20 02:29:37 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> connect /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> shutdwon abort;
3、启动监听器
oracle@suse92:~> lsnrctl start
4、停止监听器
oracle@suse92:~> lsnrctl stop
5、查看监听器状态
oracle@suse92:~> lsnrctl
学习了，谢谢
the gps, to allow the recipient to…
see the table it look good, so there are false signals, or signals, and so the simulation, the recipient table is indeed very beautiful, but perhaps positioning allowed, not even display correctly does not necessarily.4 comparison of gps is good or…
sea level.latitude: angular distance north or south…
from the equator ofa point on the earth’s surface, measured on the meridianof the point.how does gps workthere are approximately 24 low earth orbiting satellites circling the globe at any given moment. a gps navigational system or gps tracker searches…
Sites We Like…
[...]just below, are some totally unrelated sites to ours, however, they are definitely worth checking out[...]…
each progressing level is slightly more difficult….
certain blocks drop power up items that range from all types of abilities. some blocks drops items that makes the goal keeper disappear while others make your platform protagonist shoot fireballs at the blocks. some items slows down the ball that…
big shattered area. if you call on…
the services of a professional auto glass repair company immediately following your windshield break, dallas windshield repair most of the smaller breaks can be repaired without the need for replacing or removing the windshield.debris is not only the c…
great cheap fashion jewelry set to add…
some glitter and sparkle to your overall look. cubic zirconium is another great choice if you want to dazzle the other party goers at your next get together. this is because it looks as expensive as a diamond but only costs…
in real time. the system has features…
such as inventory control and product look up and availability which saves sales clerks precious time ensuring the customer experience is exemplary. a mother’s day present doesn’t have to be expensive. cheap gifts can still be sentimental and special…
and australia. some are available in the…
coasts of florida as well.the scientific name of this creature is procambarus alleni. they can grow up to eight inches in length. they are called blue lobsters because of their shell color. the fact that they possess two pincher claws makes…
natural candida cleanse, lister teaches: how to…
starve the candida of its food source, mainly sugar how to avoid eating food that contains yeast and molds in order to prevent the condition from worsening eating foods that don’t stress the digestive system, such as those that are low…
you will find that there are a…
lot of natural and over-the-counter remedies, but you must not forget about these simple basic acts that can promote healing as well. if you are wondering how to cure yeast infections naturally, then you have come to the right place. yeast…
energy cfl lamps as the lighting of…
choice.the uk energy saving trust advises that if everybody there changed their lights to led where possible, we would be able to save enough energy to light 5 million homes! it’s easy to see that led lamps are the future of…
coin, there are stores that do not…
offer doubles. they only accept your coupons at face value.believe it or not, some retailers will do what is called triple coupons. don’t get too excited because this is a very rare species of couponing. the stores that will triple your…
you need to find someone who has…
the experience you need to help you with your case. a lawyer who specializes in dui is the better choice, since they are intimately familiar with the laws and fines associated with a dui charge. your case could go to trial…
for is whether any of these law…
firms offer a free consultation. this is very important for a lot of people because not everyone can afford to spend a thousand dollars on a consultation that will do little to no good for you in the court of law.a…
is to limit the intake of salts…
that are too high. fluids may also be restricted if your kidneys are unable to excrete sufficient water. protein intake is limited so wastes like urea are kept at a minimum.the salts that commonly need to be restricted are:sodium. sodium can…
to stand up for myself. i admitted…
that i may not succeed. yet, i also told them that my odds were better if they supported me instead of putting me down for trying.taking such a bold step with my perceived negativity flipped a switch for me. i began…
the fire. this water will need to…
be cleaned up as well as water can very easily damage construction materials and also aid in the growth of mold which can present several health risks. a professional fire damage restoration company will use dehumidifiers, blowers and water extraction …
your health and well-being!people who want to…
stop smoking cigarettes also resort to making use of a specific blend of lucerne to accomplish their objective, and you may check out this herb as well. other herbs that’ll complement your stop smoking campaign include dandelion and kelp; they would…
deny any knowledge of the events that…
have been taking place.of course there has to be a climax, and it comes when the prime minister accompanies alfred and the sheik to the yemen, along with 10,000 salmon, for the first great release.this is a wonderful book with many…